![]() ![]() In 1601, Lugo and most of the other Franciscan missionaries left New Mexico, perhaps in protest of Oñate’s violent and authoritarian approach to dealing with the Pueblo peoples. Father Lugo built a small convento and church, but he only lived at Gíusewa for three years. After Oñate’s government formed a capital at San Gabriel de Yunque-Ouinge, one of the Franciscans, Fray Alonso de Lugo, moved to Gíusewa to establish a Jémez mission province in the narrow San Diego Canyon. Spanish missionaries first settled at the Gíusewa Pueblo in 1598 when Don Juan de Oñate, the first governor of New Mexico, colonized the province and brought five friars and 400 soldiers, colonists, and slaves with him. This pueblo was established in about 1450-1500 ![]() By the time of European contact, the Jémez Nation occupied numerous villages strategically located on the high mountain mesas and in the canyons surrounding the present pueblo of Walatowa, about 12 miles south of the old Gíusewa Pueblo. The Jémez people are a Towa-speaking people who migrated to the Cañon de San Diego Region from the Four Corners area in the late 13th century. ![]() Jemez Pueblo Ceremonial Dance by Simeon Schwemberger, 1908. “Gíusewa” is a Towa word that in English means “place at boiling water” because the pueblo is located near a thermal spring. After that first contact, 40 years passed until another European expedition, led by Francisco Sánchez Chamuscado and Fray Agustín Rodríguez, briefly visited the Gíusewa Pueblo in 1581. New Mexico’s Pueblo peoples, including the Jémez, were first contacted by the Spanish in 1541 when explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led a large expedition through New Mexico. The San José de los Jémez Mission and Gíusewa Pueblo Site in Sandoval County, New Mexico, includes the remains of an early 17th-century mission complex and a Jémez Indian pueblo importantly associated with the Spanish colonial and Native American history of the area.Īfter the first Spanish explorers and conquistadors swept through New Mexico in the 16th century, Spain sent Franciscan friars to settle the land and convert the Pueblo nations to Catholicism. Jemez State Monument – Gisewatowa Pueblo Church Ruins by Kathy Alexander. ![]()
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